In this study, the feasibility of using magnetic technology to reduce the dispersion of soil has been investigated. The reference treatment was potable water and 3 magnetic water devices (with different magnetic intensities) were used for magnetizing the potable water. The results showed that the magnetic field has a significant effect in order of 5 percent on increasing of magnesium concentration in soil columns and the calcium concentration in magnetic treatment was more than the reference treatment. It seemed that improving in hydrogen bonding between water molecules and clay particles and water trapping in soil caused reduction of salt in the soil. According to the increase of calcium and magnesium bivalent Cations in the soil, it is suggested that the use of magnetic field could improve soil’s dispersion and decrease the degree of soil’s dispersion.

Background: Stress is a migraine trigger. Anxiety sensitivity as a mediator between stress and disease is one of the factors affecting the symptoms of migraine. Purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on anxiety sensitivity in patients with migraine.Methods: In this semi experimental study, 36 patients with migraine were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control. Patients of experimental group received EMDR therapy, 3 sessions of 90 minutes within three weeks. Control group did not receive any medical or psychological intervention. Participants in both groups were evaluated with Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory- Revised (ASI-R) during pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up.Findings: The analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing reduces anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05) in patients.Conclusion: The results suggest that EMDR can be considered as one of the therapies for migraine headaches.

Studies were carried out on the effect of temperature on the adsorption bf Cu2+, Pb2+ and Mg2+ on synthetic goethite (a phase in soil). Humicacid was coated on the synthetic goethite and its effect on metal adsorption was also studied. The amount of humic acid added had varied effects on the adsorption of these cations. An increase in the amounts of humic acid resulted in an increased adsorption of Cu2+ and a decrease in the adsorption of Mg2+. However increasing atnounts of humic acid coating on the goethite had no significant effect on the amount of Pb2+ adsorbed. An increase in temperature decreased the amount of Mg2+ sorbed by the goethite-humic acid complexes while the temperature effect on the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ varied according to the different levels of humic acid added.

Obtaining reliable estimation and information about particulate matters (PM) with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 micron is crucial. This is due to the PM10 serious negative impact on human health and environment. Therefore، studying the concentration and spatial pattern of the PM10 in urban cities، especially populated and industrial cities، has become a popular an important subject for researchers. For this purpose، several pollution stations have been established in different part of cities. These stations have the capability of measuring and recording the concentration amount of various pollutant including PM10، PM2. 5، and etc. however، pollution stations can measure the concentration amount of various stations precisely، their measurements are not spatially connected and only spars point observations are provided. One of mostly used and efficient methods to solve this problem is to use remote sensing data. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) and aerosol contribution to apparent reflectance (ACR) are two mostly used remote sensing data which have been used to study the concentration and spatial pattern of PM10. In this study، we have adopted to use ACR images instead of AOD based on three reasons including their higher spatial resolution، spatially connected (without any gap)، and at last the absence of aerosol robotic network (AERONET) for AOD retrieved values evaluation in our study area. ACR images can be generated though a relation using red and SWIR (2. 1 µ m) bands. In particular، we can estimate the surface reflectance (SR) of the Red band from top of atmosphere reflectance (TOAR) of the SWIR (2. 1 µ m) band. This is possible based on an assumption that the aerosol’ s effect on SWIR band is negligible because of its higher wavelength. After the estimation of Red band SR، the difference between Red band SR and TOAR can be an illustration of the amount of atmospheric reflectance. In this study، moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-1B images identified as MOD02HKM with 500 m spatial resolution for 12 days over Tehran، Iran have been utilized. Their corresponding ground measurements of PM10 concentration from 13 pollution stations spread have been used. We have used artificial neural networks to develop the model to estimate the PM10 concentration from ACR data. This has been done in two different approaches including daily modeling (each day separately) and overall modeling (using 12 days data together). Artificial neural networks with one، two، and three hidden layers and sigmoid transfer function using the levenberg-marquardt algorithm are employed to model the relation between ACR values and corresponding PM10 concentration. Also، pollution maps are generated to investigate the spatial pattern of the PM10. In daily modeling artificial neural networks with one، two، and three layer(s) achieved 0. 769، 0. 806، and 0. 848 R2 values respectively، representing the higher capabilities of artificial neural networks with more hidden layer. However، it should be noted that the increase in the number of hidden layer will result in overfitting of the model to the training part of data. Finally، the overall modeling using artificial neural networks with one، two، and three hidden layer(s) obtained 0. 412، 0. 499، 0. 503 R2 values.

Hydrated cerium (IV) dioxide has been synthesized by adding excess cerium sulphate to 4M ammonia solution at 25°C and pH=12.5 with constant stirring. The properties of the compound were investigated by means of infrared and thermogravimetric techniques. The effect of temperature and pH on the adsorption of Ba and Sr ions and also the distribution coefficients of Cs and Eu at various pH values on cerium (IV) dioxide were considered. The distribution coefficient results showed that with the increase of pH of the media, the amount of adsorption of Ba and Sr cations on the surface of cerium (IV) dioxide increases, and this is due to their amphoteric nature of this oxide.

2Background and Aim: Sleep deprivation causes impairment in learning and memory. Several studies have shown the positive effect of nitric oxide on learning and memory processes. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of using L-arginine as a precursor of nitric oxide on spatial learning and memory impairment following rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation in rats was investigated. Methods: In this experimental study, 50 rats were divided into five groups: control, sleep deprivation, sleep deprivation plus triple doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg L-arginine (intraperitoneal injection). The method of multiple platforms was used to induce 72 hours of sleep deprivation. Then, the spatial learning and memory levels of all rats were checked using the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Results: Administration of 200 mg/kg L-arginine attenuated the effects of REM sleep deprivation on learning, but it had no effect on memory impairment caused by sleep deprivation. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, it seems that nitric oxide can improve the negative effects of REM sleep deprivation on learning.

During the nationalization of the oil industry, political parties and groups were very active in Hamedan. The Tudeh Party was one of the parties operating in the form of associations and a united council of workers and toilers. Opposing the National Movement and Mossadegh's government, the party was often involved with the "Hamadan National Movement Supporters Association. " The trade union and the united council of workers and toilers of this party and other party organizations, such as the "House of Peace", played an effective role among the workers of Hamedan factories through their activities in the workers' strikes. The purpose of this article was to analyze the activities of the Tudeh Party and the council among the workers of Hamedan. The present article is based on data extracted from archival documents and library resources. The findings of the study show the activity of the Tudeh Party and the United Council of Workers and toilers of the Hamadan branch in opposition to the national movement, by recruiting workers and holding labor strikes in factories in Hamadan. Thus, for the first time, the labor movement in an organized way raised new trade unions and political-economic demands and created political and security problems for the officials of Hamedan.

In this research new adsorbents were prepared by modification of surfactant-coated g g-alumina with three ligands; 1- (2-pyridylazo) -2-naphtol (PAN), dithizone (HDZ) and dimetyl golyoxime (DMG). The adsorbents were used for removal and pre-concentration of Pb+2, Cd+2, Ni+2, Cu+2, Co+2. Aqueous solutions of the metal ions were passed through a column filled with the adsorbent and the retained cations were eluted with nitric acid. Recoveries greater than 96% were obtained for most studied cations. The selectivity of the adsorbent was examined in the presence of different interfering cations. The results showed that the synthesized adsorbents posseses good capacity and selectivity for the most studied cations. The reusability test of the adsorbent showed its capability after five adsorption-elution cycles.